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Saturday, August 6, 2011

Complete Textile Glossery (Y to Z)

Learn Apparel Merchandising, Learn Fashion design.
Y
YARDAGE: The amount or length of a fabric expressed in yards.
YARD GOODS: Fabric sold on a retail basis by the running yard.
YARN: A generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form
suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric. Yarn occurs in
the following forms: (1) a number of fibers twisted together (spun yarn); (2) a number of
filaments laid together without twist (a zero-twist yarn); (3) a number of filaments laid together
with a degree of twist; (4) a single filament with or without twist (a monofilament); or (5) a
narrow strip of material, such as paper, plastic film, or metal foil, with or without twist, intended
for use in a textile construction.
YARN CONSTRUCTION: A term used to indicate the number of singles yarns and the number
of strands combined for form each successive unit of a plied yarn or cord.
YARN DYEING: See DYEING.
YARN DYEING DIFFERENCES: Variations in take-up of dyes by yarns, resulting in streaks
in finished fabrics.
YARN INTERMEDIATE: A generic term for products obtained during the conversion of fibers
to yarn, including card webs, laps, slivers, rovings, and tops.
YARN NUMBER: A relative measure of the fineness of yarns. Two classes of systems are in
use: (1) Direct yarn number (equal to linear density) is the mass per unit length of yarn. This
system is used for silk and manufactured filament yarns. (2) Indirect yarn number (equal to the
reciprocal of linear density) is the length per unit mass of yarn. This system is used for cotton,
linen, and wool-type spun yarns. (Also see COTTON COUNT.)
YARN NUMBER, EQUIVALENT SINGLE: The number of a plied yarn or cord determined
by the standard methods used for singles yarns.
YARN QUALITY: Various grades of yarn designated by the producer with respect to
performance characteristics, e.g., first quality, second quality, etc.
YARN-TO-CORD CONVERSION EFFICIENCY: In tire cord, this is a measurement relating
tensile strength of untwisted yarn to tensile strength of cord. Increasing cord twist or increasing
yarn diameter lowers conversion efficiency.
YARN VARIATION: See RING.
YELLOWNESS COEFFICIENT: Measure of the color of a molded acetate disc or dope
solution. Cy = 1-T4400/T6400 where Cy is the yellowness coefficient; T4400 is the transmission at
4400A (blue); and T6400 is the transmission at 6400A (orange).

YIELD: 1. Number of linear or square yards of fabric per pound of fiber or yarn. 2. The number
of finished square yards per pound of greige fabric.
YIELD POINT: Point on the stress-strain curve where the load and elongation stop being
directly proportional. (Also see ELASTIC LIMIT.)
YOUNG’S MODULUS: A property of perfectly elastic materials, it is the ratio of change in
stress to change in strain within the elastic limits of the material. The ratio is calculated from the
stress expressed in force per unit cross sectional area, and the strain expressed as a fraction of the
original length. Modulus so calculated is equivalent to the force required to strain the sample
100% of its original length, at the rate prevailing below the elastic limit.
Z
ZEIN FIBER: A manufactured fiber of regenerated protein derived from maize.
ZERO-TWIST: Twistless, devoid of twist.
Z-TWIST: See TWIST, DIRECTION OF.


Thanks 
Bipul

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